单位文秘网 2021-07-10 08:16:00 点击: 次
摘 要:采用选择性培养基初步筛选,结合16S rRNA同源性分析的方法,对北京市农贸市场及超市中所销售的生鲜猪、牛肉中含有的有害细菌的分布情况进行考察。对分离得到的细菌针对7种常见抗生素进行耐药表型检测。同时,利用特异性PCR扩增法检测了2个常见红霉素耐药基因和7个常见四环素耐药基因在分离细菌中的分布情况。结果表明:市场中购买的生鲜肉中分离得到的细菌耐药情况较之超市中的更为严重;猪肉和牛肉中分离的细菌耐药情况均十分严重;分离得到的不同细菌中包含某些条件致病菌的Escherichia/Shigella以及Aeromonas属细菌耐药情况更加严重。同时,研究还发现在北京市售鲜肉中分离得到的细菌中,绝大多数细菌对不止1种抗生素表现出非敏感(耐药及中介),且一些菌株携带多种不同的耐药基因。因此,市售生鲜肉中分离得到的细菌耐药情况较为严重以及普遍,应得到监管部门以及普通消费者的足够重视。
关键词:生鲜肉;致病菌;鉴定;耐药表型;耐药基因
Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogens in Retail Pork and Beef from Beijing
QIN Yu-xuan1, LI Jing2, ZHU Bao-li2, LÜ Na2,*, XIN Jian-qiao3, JIN Lu-yi4,
(1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
2. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Beijing No.80 High School, Beijing 100020, China;
4. School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China)
Abstract: Distribution of pathogens in retail pork and beef from Beijing supermarkets and markets were investigated by selective culture and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic resistant phenotypes of all the isolates were detected, including 7 common antibiotics. Meanwhile, two common erythromycin resistance genes and seven common tetracycline genes were detected among all the isolates. The results showed that the drug resistance of bacteria isolated from meat samples collected from markets was more serious; both the isolates from pork and beef showed serious drug resistance; among all the isolated bacteria, Escherichia/Shigella and Aeromonas genus, which contained some opportunistic pathogen species, showed the most serious drug resistance. Meanwhile, we also found that the majority of the isolates were non-susceptible (resistant and intermediate) to several kinds of antibiotic, and some of the isolates carried more than one antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The above evidence showed that drug resistance was common and serious among bacteria isolated from commercial meats. Both regulators and consumers should pay more attention to it.
Key words: meats; pathogen; identification; antibiotic resistance phenotype; antibiotic resistance gene
中图分类号:TS207.4 文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-8123(2014)02-0016-06
近年来随着我国国民生活水平的日益提高,广大消费者对生鲜肉类,尤其是生鲜猪、牛肉的需求也随之增加。目前,我国已经成为世界养猪大国,生猪出栏量、猪肉产量均位居世界第一[1],牛肉的消费量也十分巨大。与此同时,由于食用猪、牛肉及其相关制品所导致的食物中毒以及传染病的发病率也呈现出逐年上升的趋势。食物中毒及传染病的发生主要是由生鲜猪、牛肉中所含有害细菌导致的,而主要的有害细菌包括大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)、副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus)等[2-6]。上述细菌进入人体后所产生的有毒有害物质会对人们身体健康产生严重影响,甚至危及生命。
抗生素是20世纪人类最伟大的发明之一,它在治疗感染性疾病方面有着不可替代的作用。但近半个世纪以来抗生素的使用范围不断扩大,已经不再局限于医疗卫生和兽医方面,在养殖业和食品加工业的用量也有逐年上升的趋势,尤其在畜禽养殖行业中最为严重,我国每年抗生素原料生产量约为21万吨,其中9.7万吨(占年总产量46.1%)用于畜牧养殖业[7]。抗生素的大量使用所带来的选择性压力必然加速细菌对某种抗生素,甚至多种抗生素的耐药进程。耐药细菌尤其是超级细菌(如携带有NDM-1基因的细菌)已经成为人们在应对细菌感染疾病时的巨大挑战[8]。如果携带有耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的,对抗生素非敏感(包括耐药菌株和中介菌株)的细菌进入人体,致病菌可能导致某种或几种甚至是所有常用抗生素在治疗时失去疗效,普通的环境细菌还可以将所携带的耐药基因传递给人体内其他的致病菌或者条件致病菌,使它们均产生耐药性,对人类健康造成极大威胁[9]。细菌耐药问题对人们身体健康所带来的危害日趋严重。动物肠道中的有害菌以及耐药细菌可能经屠宰加工过程进入到鲜肉及其制品当中,同时很有可能借助此环节传播至人类体内,对人们身体健康甚至是生命安全带来威胁。
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