单位文秘网 2021-10-02 08:27:36 点击: 次
组织,但美国药学院协会的入会标准发展为专业认证标准的模式可供我国借鉴,如药学行业协会组织和专业认证组织的密切联系、加强药学专业认证组织的建设以保持其独立性和专业性、药学专业标准的动态调整等。
关键词 美国药学院协会;入会标准;专业认证;药学教育;启示
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the formulation of Chinese pharmacy accreditation criteria. METHODS: By literature method, the evolution of American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) membership criteria were described, and the development of Chinese pharmacy accreditation criteria were also described. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The membership criteria of AACP are characterized by attaching importance to investigation and research, highlighting goal orientation, keeping pace with the times, and strengthening process supervision. The pharmacy accreditation criteria in China was mainly promoted by the competent education department from top to bottom, which has the characteristics of government dominance, decision-making authority and caution. Compared with the American pharmacy accreditation criteria, there were some problems in our country, such as slow response to professional changes, poor flexibility of system and insufficient reflection of overall professional development. Although there is no real similar organization in China, the development of AAPA membership criteria can be used for reference in China, such as the close relationship between pharmacy industry associations and accreditation organizations, strengthening the construction of pharmaceutical accreditation organizations to maintain their independence and specialty, pharmacy standards dynamic adjustment, etc.
KEYWORDS American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; Membership criteria; Accreditation; Pharmacy education; Enlightenment
美國药学院协会(American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy,AACP)属于非营利性教育社团组织,是代表美国药学教育的国家组织,是美国高等药学教育管理的重要力量[1]。实际上,美国高等药学教育的发展在很大程度上依赖于AACP的主导和管理。自1900年成立到2019年6月,AACP的机构会员已有142所药学院校,分布于美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、泰国、科威特和黎巴嫩[2]。虽然药学院校加入AACP是以自愿为基础,但并不意味着只要申请就可以无条件加入。一般来说,非营利性教育社团组织需要符合一定的标准才有资格入会,而入会标准有的比较宽松,有的则比较严格。AACP入会标准是一个动态的过程。在AACP创立初期,时入会标准比较宽松且执行不严格;随着后期的不断发展,其入会标准越来越规范和严格。“入会标准作为会员与协会组织之间达成的一种契约,其实质是高校、专业学院通过遵守这些规则来换取成员身份。而这一过程在自觉、自愿的基础上就形成了对高校、专业学院或教师(的)基本要求,这无论对学校、专业还是教师都起到了监督作用,对质量和职业素质的基本保证都有着重要的作用”[3]。AACP的入会标准逐渐发展演变为专业认证标准,对提高美国高等药学教育质量发挥了重要的作用[4]。虽然我国并没有真正意义上的药学院校协会的类似组织,但AACP的入会标准发展为专业认证标准的模式或许可供我国借鉴。基于此,笔者利用文献研究法,阐述了AACP入会标准发展为专业认证标准和我国药学专业认证标准的发展状况,以期为我国药学专业认证标准的制订提供参考。
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